Classification of Hazardous Cargoes. Package.

     Substance and materials with physical and chemical properties of a high hazard degree according to National Standard (GOST) 19433-88 are referred to hazardous cargoes that require special safety precautions taken when transported. Below the most hazardous cargoes are listed:

• Class 1 explosive substances, except for those of sub-class 1.4, 1.5 and 1.6;
• Class 7 radioactive substances;
• Nonflammable non-poisonous oxidizing gases;
• Poisonous oxidizing gases;
• Poisonous oxidizing gases, caustic and/or corrosive; 
• Highly inflammable liquids with a flash temperature of lower than minus 18^oС, poisonous;
• Highly inflammable liquids with a flash temperature of lower than minus 18^oС, caustic and/or corrosive;
• Highly inflammable liquids with a flash temperature from minus 18^oС to plus 23^oС, caustic and/or corrosive;
• Highly inflammable liquids with a flash temperature from minus 18^oС to plus 23^oС, poisonous, caustic and/or corrosive;
• Highly inflammable solid substances, caustic and/or corrosive;
• Highly inflammable solid substances, self-destroying at a temperature of not greater than 50^oС, in the danger of breaking the package;
• Self-igniting solid substances, poisonous;
• Self-igniting solid substances, caustic and/or corrosive;
• Substances educing combustible gases when interacting with water, highly inflammable;
• Substances educing combustible gases when interacting with water, self-igniting and poisonous;
• Substances educing combustible gases when interacting with water, highly inflammable, caustic and/or corrosive;
• Oxidizing substances, poisonous,  caustic and/or corrosive;
• Organic peroxides, explosive, self-destroying at a temperature of not greater than 50^oС;
• Organic peroxides, self-destroying at a temperature of not greater than 50^oС;
• Organic peroxides, explosive;
• Organic peroxides, without extra kind of hazard;
• Organic peroxides, acrid for the eyes;
• Organic peroxides, highly inflammable;
• Organic peroxides, highly inflammable, acrid for the eyes;
• Poisonous substances, volatile, without extra kind of hazard;
• Poisonous substances, volatile, highly inflammable, with a flash temperature of not greater than 23^oС;
• Poisonous substances, volatile highly inflammable, with a flash temperature of not greater than 23^oС, but not greater than 6 gram per second;
• Poisonous substances, volatile, caustic and/or corrosive;
• Caustic and/or corrosive, possessing acidic properties, poisonous and oxidizing;
• Caustic and/or corrosive, possessing acidic properties, oxidizing;

Caustic and/or corrosive, possessing acidic properties, poisonous;

• Caustic and/or corrosive, possessing basic properties, highly inflammable, with a flash temperature from 23^oС to 61^oС;
• Caustic and/or corrosive, possessing basic properties, oxidizing;
• Caustic and/or corrosive, various, poisonous and oxidizing;
• Caustic and/or corrosive, various, highly inflammable, with a flash temperature of not greater than 23^oС;
• Caustic and/or corrosive, various, highly inflammable, with a flash temperature of from 24 ^oС to 61 ^oС;
• Caustic and/or corrosive various, poisonous.

     Cargo Hazard Class.

     Hazardous cargoes of each class are divided into sub-classes according to their physical and chemical properties, kinds and degree of danger when transported, according to National Standard (GOST) 19433-88. These classes and sub-classes are listed below.

CLASS 1 - explosive materials, which, according to their properties, may explode, cause explosive fires, as well as devices containing explosive substances and explosion means intended for the production of pyrotechnical effect (fireworks);

• sub-class 1.1 - explosive and pyrotechnical substances and articles exploding in bulk when the explosion covers the whole cargo instantly;
• sub-class 1.2 - explosive and pyrotechnical substances and articles not exploding in bulk;
• sub-class 1.3 - explosive and pyrotechnical substances and articles causing fires with explosions or without them;
• sub-class 1.4 - explosive and pyrotechnical substances and articles constituting inconsiderable danger of explosion when transported in case of ignition or initiation only, not causing the destruction of devices and packages;
• sub-class 1.5 - explosive substances constituting bulk explosion and that are so insensible that when transported initiation or transfer from burning to detonation are unlikely;
• sub-class 1.6 - articles that exclusively contain substances insensible to detonation, those that do not explode in bulk and are characterized by a low probability of accidental initiation;

CLASS 2 - compressed gases, subcool-liquefied gases, pressure-dissolved gases:

• sub-class 2.1 - non-inflammable gases;
• sub-class 2.2 - non-inflammable poisonous gases;
• sub-class 2.3 - highly inflammable gases;
• sub-class 2.4 - highly inflammable poisonous gases;
• sub-class 2.5 - chemically unstable gases;
• sub-class 2.6 - chemically unstable poisonous gases.

     These gases refer to Hazard Class 2 provided they meet any of the following conditions:

• absolute pressure of vapors at a temperature of 50^oС is equal or higher than 3 kgf/cm (300 kPa);
• critical temperature is below 50^oС. By the background state gases are divided into:
• compressed, the critical temperature of which is lower than -10^oС;
• liquefied, the critical temperature of which is or higher than -10^oС, but lower than 70^oС;
• liquefied, the critical temperature of which is or higher than -70^oС;
• pressure-dissolved;
• subcool-liquefied;
• aerosols and compressed gases, the application of which is subject to compliance with special instructions.

CLASS 3 - highly inflammable liquids, mixtures of liquids, as well as liquids containing solid substances in a solution or suspension, which educe highly inflammable vapors, and those having a closed cup flash temperature 61^oС or lower;

• sub-class 3.1 - highly inflammable liquids with a low flash temperature, and those having a closed cup flash temperature lower than minus 18^oС, or those having a certain flash temperature along with other dangerous properties, except for high inflammability;
• sub-class 3.2 - highly inflammable liquids with a middle flash temperature that is those having a closed cup flash temperature from minus 18^oC to plus 23^oС;
• sub-class 3.3 - highly inflammable liquids with a high flash temperature that is those having a closed cup flash temperature from 23^oC to 61^oС inclusive.

CLASS 4 - highly inflammable substances and materials (except for those classified as explosives) that may easily ignite from ignition sources when transported as e result of friction, moisture absorption, spontaneous chemical reactions, as well as when heated;

• sub-class 4.1 - highly inflammable solid substances that may easily ignite due to short-term effect of external ignition sources (sparks, flame or friction) and burn actively;
• sub-class 4.2 - self-igniting substances that, in normal transportation conditions, may spontaneously warm up and ignite;
• sub-class 4.3 - substances educing inflammable gases as a result of contact with water.

CLASS 5 - oxidizing substances and organic peroxides that may easily educe oxygen, sustain burning, as well as may, in certain conditions or in a mixture with another substance, cause ignition and explosion;

• sub-class 5.1 - oxidizing substances that are not per se combustible, but cause easy ignition of other substances, and educe oxygen when burning, which increases the intensity of the flame;
• sub-class 5.2 - organic peroxides, which, in most case, are combustible, may act as oxidizing substances and react dangerously with other substances. Many of them ignite easily, and are sensible to impact and friction.

CLASS 6 - poisonous and infectious substances that may induce death, poisoning or diseases as got inside the organism or when in contact with the skin or mucous membrane;

• sub-class 6.1 - poisonous (toxic) substances that may cause poisoning when inhaled (of vapors, dust), when got inside or in contact with the skin;
• sub-class 6.2 - substances and materials containing pathogenic organisms that are dangerous for human and animals.

CLASS 7 - radioactive substances with a specific activity of more than 70 kilobecquerel per kg (2 nCu/g).

CLASS 8 - caustic and corrosive substances that cause damage to the skin, eye mucosa and respiratory tracks, corrosion of metals and damage to transportation means, structures or cargo. These substances may cause a fire when interacting with organic materials or some chemical substances;

• sub-class 8.1 - acids,
• sub-class 8.2 - alkalis;
• sub-class 8.3 - various caustic and corrosive substances.

CLASS 9 - substances of relatively low hazard degree when transported. Substances that are not rated to any of the above classes, but requiring certain rules when they are transported or stored;

• sub-class 9.1 - solid and liquid combustible substances and materials, which, by their properties, are not rated as those of Class 3 and Class 4, but which, in certain conditions, may be dangerous in respect to fires (combustible liquids with a closed flash temperature of from +61^oC to +100^oC, fibers and other analogous materials);
• sub-class 9.2 - substances becoming caustic and corrosive in certain conditions.

Tare and package of hazardous cargoes when transported.

     Hazardous cargoes must be made available to freight-forwarders for transportation in tare and packages that comply with standards and technical specifications as well as National Standard (GOST) 26319-84 "Hazardous cargoes. Package".

     Tare and packages must be strong, intact, exclude any possibility of leaking and spilling of the cargo, provide its integrity and safety during transportation. The materials, which tare and packages are made from, must be inert to the content.

     Hazardous cargoes, which educe highly inflammable, poisonous, corrosive gases and vapors, cargoes, which become explosive when dry or may interact with air and moisture dangerously, as well as cargoes possessing oxidizing properties, must be packed tightly (the tight package is a sort of tare, the design of which provides the impermeability of gases, vapors and liquids).

     Hazardous cargoes in glass tare must be packed in robust boxes (wooden, polymeric, metal) with the free space being filled with spacing or absorbing material. Cargoes in retail packages that are transported as non-hazardous according to paragraph 2.1.43 are allowed to be packed in boxes made from cellular cardboard. Such boxes must have courses, inserts, partitions, grids, pads and shock absorbers. The walls of such boxes must be higher the sealed bottles and cans by 5 cm. When transporting in small batches, hazardous cargoes in glass tare must be packed in solid wooden boxes with covers.       

Hazardous cargoes in metal or polymeric drums, cans or canisters must be additionally packed in wooden boxes or lathing.

     Hazardous cargoes in bags made from cellular cardboard, if such a package is specified in standards or technical specifications for the products, must be transported by car load shipments. When transported in small batches, hazardous cargoes in bags must be packed in rigid shipping tare (metal or plywood drums or barrels, wooden or metal boxes).

     When liquid hazardous cargoes are made available for transportation, their tare must be filled till the level established by standards or technical specifications for the products to be transported.

     A combined package within one cargo unit is only allowed for hazardous cargoes that are permitted to be transported combined in one transportation means. At all that, each substance is packed separately in compliance with standards or technical specifications for this substance. Packed substances are placed in a solid wooden box fitted with cells. The bottom of the box, free space between the cells as well as that under the cover are filled with suitable non-combustible packing material. The box is tightly closed with the cover. The gross weight of such a cargo unit must not exceed 50 kg. All substances packed together must be itemed in the way bill with the weight of each substance being indicated.

     Hazardous cargoes that are allowed to be transported in containers must be packed in an analogous manner.

     Hazardous cargoes transported to High North areas and hard-to-reach areas must have tare and package complying with National Standard (GOST) 15846-79 "Products shipped to High North and hard-to-reach areas. Packing, marking, transportation and storage ".

     When transporting liquid hazardous cargoes in railcars, the consignor is obliged to place in railcars not less than 1% of empty packages in the case some of the cargo items are damaged.

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